Medieval Japan

Medieval Japan : Japan consists of hundred of small islands of which four are major islands - Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku. Almost the entire country was unified into a single state by around 7th century AD.

In the 8th century Edo (modern Kyoto) became the capital and continued to be the seat of the emperors of Japan for over 1000 years. The real power, however, was in the hands of an aristocratic family.

Towards the end of the 12th century, a new political institution Shogun came into being. The Shogun or the 'General' became the commander of Japan'a army and ruled Japan, while the emperor remained at his capital at Edo (Kyoto).

Japanese Samurai or the warriors were similar to the Knights of Western Europe. The most unique contribution of medieval Japan to literature was a form of poetry called Haiku. Haiku poems are short poems of only 17 syllables.




The most important contribution of medieval Japan to art was Ikebana or the art of flower arrangement, which is being imitated throughout the world.

Buddhism reached Japan early in the 6th century from China through Korea and during the course of centuries it became widespread. In certain periods it even eclipsed Shintoism, the old religion of Japan.




Gradually, the Japanese developed their own distinct schools of Buddhism, the most famous of which is Zen Buddhism. The word Zen is derived from 'Dhyana'.



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Akbar

Akbar, the eldest son of Humayun, ascended the throne under the title of Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi at the young age of 14 at Kalanaur, Punjab and his tutor Bairam Khan was appointed as the regent. Akbar ended the regency of Bairam Khan in 1560 and at the age of 18 assumed the reigns of the kingdom.

Akbar was under the influence of Maham Anga and Adham Khan Junta from 1560 to 1562. In his bid to expand the empire he conquered various provincial states.

Akbar tried to win over the Rajputas wherever possible and inducted Rajputas kings into Mughal service and treated them at par with Mughal nobility. By marrying Harakha Bai, daughter of Biharimal in 1962. Akbar displayed his secular policy with the Hindus. Most of the Rajputas Kings recognized the supremacy of Akbar except Rana Pratap Singh and his son Amar Singh.

Akbar built Fatehpur Sikri, Agra Fort, Lahore Fort, and Allahabad Fort and Humayun's Tomb at Delhi. Fatehpur Sikri, place near Agra- it is said that Akbar had no son for a long time. Sheikh Salim Chisti, a Sufi saint blessed Akbar with a son who was named Salim/Sheikho Baba (Jahangir). In honour of Salim Chisti, Akbar shifted his court from Agra to Fatehpur Sikri.

Facts related to Computers

»» December 2 is observed as Computer Literacy Day.

»» Mainly there are three types of Computers, Digital, Analog and Hybrid.

»» First Super Computer of the World is CRAY K-1-S, developed by CRAY K Company of U.S.A.

»» First Electronic Digital Computer of the World is 'ENIAC'.

»» Most popular Operating System in the World is Windows.

»» USEnet is a link to connect all the universities.


»» First book on personal computer was written by Ted Nelson.

»» First magazine on Computer is 'Computer and Automotion'.

Laptop

»» PROLOG is the language of the fifth generation of computer.

»» J.S. Kilbi developed the IC chips.

»» A computer error is known as Bug.

»» Laser Printers are the fastest printers.

»» Computer virus is a man made digital parasite, which corrupts (infects) the file and known as 'File Corrupted'.

»» Modem is a device which connects the computers and works based on telephone lines.

»» Linus Benedict Torvalds, creator and coordinator of the Unix like Operating System.

»» Linus was born in Helsinki, Finland on December 28, 1969.

»» On September 17, 1991 Linus completed the first version of Linux.


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First in the World...Know here»»

Football

It is believed that Football is also of British origin. However, it is said that a game similar to Football was played in 500 B.C. by the Greeks of Sparta and they called this game 'Harpastum'.

Harpastum

The first football club of the world 'Sheffield Football Club' was founded in the year 1857 in England.

Sheffield Football Club - Logo

Football was introduced in India by the Britishers in 1848 and the first football club of India was 'Dalhousie Club'. The Indian Football Association, the oldest football Association association in the east, was formed in 1878.

Indian National Football Team

The apex institution of football is 'Federation of International de Football Association' (FIFA), which was formed by seven countries on May 21, 1904. The headquarters of FIFA is in Paris (France).

FIFA - Headquarters

In order to distinguish this game from the carrying cum kicking game i.e. Rugby, it was given the name of "Soccer". This name was given to this game (Football) by an association named London Football Association which was formed in 1863 in England. The Football World Cup, organized by the FIFA, is the biggest competition.

Football Match in Progress

Football was included as a competitive game in Olympic Games officially in 1908. India took part in the World Olympic Competition in 1948 in London. Besides Olympic Competitions, World Cup Football Championships were planned by two Frenchman i.e. M Jules Rimet and Henry Delaunay.

Jules Rimet was president of the French Football Federation and remained president of FIFA from 1924 to 1957. The first world Cup was organized at Monte Video (Uruguay) in 1930.



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The Solar System

The Solar System consists of the Sun, the eight planets and their satellites (or moons), and thousand of other smaller heavenly bodies such as asteroids, comets and meteors. The Sun is at the center of the solar system and all these bodies are revolving around it.

The gravitational pull of the Sun keeps all the planets and other objects revolving round it. Thus, the motion of all the member of the solar system is governed mainly by the gravitational force of the Sun. Planets revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbit.

The Solar System

In the solar system the planets nearest to the Sun is Mercury and the farthest from the Sun is Neptune. The size of solar system has been estimated to at about 'ten raise to the power five' A.U.
The solar system is dominated by the Sun which accounts for almost 99.9% of the matter in the whole solar system.

The Sun is also the source of all the energy in the solar system. Pluto is a dwarf planet. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars are called terrestrial planets and Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called gaseous planets.