View GK Blog: 2012

Nuclear Pollution

First of all we should know that “What is Pollution?”

Pollution: Unwanted changes in the chemical and physical features of air, water and land that are dangerous to human and other organisms, their life conditions, industrial process and cultural achievements are called pollution.

Now let’s see what is “Nuclear Pollution”?

Nuclear Pollution: Nuclear Pollution is created by radioactive rays and following can be the sources of such pollution :–

1. Pollution from the rays which are used in Medical Treatment.

2. Pollution created from fuels used in Atomic Reactors.

3. Pollution created from the use of Nuclear Weapons.

4. Pollution created remaining substances coming out of Atomic Power-Houses.

Now suggest us what we can do to reduce "Nuclear Pollution".

World's Smallest

1. Australia is the smallest continent with a land area of 7,618,000 sq km.

2. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the World's oceans with an area of 14,060,000 sq km .

3. Vatican City has an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of just below 1000. Which makes Vatican City the smallest independent state in the world by both area and population.

4. The D River is a river in Lincoln City,Oregon, United States is known as the shortest river in the world with the measurement of 440 feet (130 m).

Famous Writers and their Books

S.No.	Writer	Book
1	Albert Einstein	The World as I see it
2	Charles Darwin	Descent of Man
3	Dante	Divine Comedy
4	William Shakespeare	Othello
5	Plato	Republic

What is Ecology?

Ecology : Study of inter relationship between living organism and their environment. Various population of living in a definite place is called Biotic Community.

Ecosystem or Ecology system word was first coined by scientist namely Tansley.

Every ecosystem is made up of two components:-

(1). Biotic component – Living part

(2). Abiotic component – Non living part

(Image Credit : bathstudent.com)

5 Most spoken languages in the World

S.No.	Language	% of world population
1	Mandarin	14.1%
2	Spanish	5.9%
3	English	5.5%
4	Hindi	4.5%
5	Arabic	4.2%

Facts about Coffee

»» Coffee trees are cultivated in about 75 countries.

»» Green coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world.

»» There are over 900 species of insect as pests of coffee crops in the world.

»» The top 5 green coffee producing countries are Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia and India.

»» Coffee consumption can lead to iron deficiency anemia in mothers and infants.

»» Caffeine found in coffee can cause anxiety in normal individuals.

»» United States of America (U.S.A) imports more coffee than any other country.

»» South America produces almost 45% of the world's total coffee exports.

[Please write your comments below.]

World's top 10 military spenders in 2012

Country Spending in $ Bn.

(1)    United States    :    711

(2)    China   :    143

(3)    Russia    :    81

(4)    United Kingdom    :    63

(5)    France    :    62.5

(6)    Japan    :    59

(7)    Saudi Arabia    :    48

(8)    India    :    47

(9)    Germany    :    47

(10) Brazil    :    35

[Source : SIPRI Yearbook 2012

The money spend is being rounded off]

Most Academy Awards won by an Actor

(1). Katharine Hepburn [4] : 4 Best Actress

(2). Ingrid Bergman [3] : 2 Best Actress, 1 Best Supporting Actress

(3). Jack Nicholson [3] : 2 Best Actor, 1 Best Supporting Actor

(4). Meryl Streep [3] : 2 Best Actress, 1 Best Supporting Actress

(5). Walter Brennan [3] : 3 Best Supporting Actor

Top 5 Oldest Universities of India in continuous operation

Top 5 Oldest Universities of India in continuous operation

(1). Anna University - Chennai, Tamil Nadu; active since 1678.

(2). College of Engineering Guindy - Chennai, Tamil Nadu; active since 1794.

(3). University of Madras - Chennai, Tamil Nadu; active since 1857.

(4). Madras Christian College - Chennai, Tamil Nadu; active since 1835.

(5). University of Calcutta - Kolkata, West Bengal; active since 1857.

The 5 nuclear-weapon countries under the NPT

The 5 nuclear-weapon countries under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

(1).    People's Republic of China

(2).    France

(3).    Russia

(4).    United Kingdom

(5).    United States of America

Top space agencies with manned spaceflight capability

Top space agencies with manned spaceflight capability

»»    China National Space Administration (CNSA) : People's Republic of China

»»    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) : United States

»»    Russian Federal Space Agency (RFSA) : Russia

Sex determination in Human

Sex determination in Human : In human male sex chromosome is XY, where in female sex chromosome is XX.

During gamete (sperm) formation in male half of the sperm contains X chromosome while other half contain Y chromosome. In female all gametes contain only one type of chromosome that is X.

Sex determination in Human

Thus when a male gamete i.e. sperm carrying X chromosome fertilize an ova, the zygote develope into female. When a sperm carrying Y chromosome fertilizes an egg, zygote develops into male.

First in the World : Volume VI

»»    First country to start Civil Service Competition : China

»»    First city to be attacked with Atom Bomb : Heroshima (Japan)

»»    First Woman Prime Minister of a country : S. Bhandarnayke (Sri Lanka)

»»    First man to compile Encyclopedia : Aspheosis (Athens)

»»    First Asian to win Wimbledon Trophy : Arthur Ashe

Father of modern Chemistry

Question : What is Chemistry?

Answer : Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the composition of matter and also the Physical and Chemical characteristics associated with the different material objects.

Question : Who is the father of modern Chemistry?

Answer : French chemist, "Lavoisier (1743-1793)" is regarded as the father of modern chemistry.

Lavoisier (1743-1793)

Razia Sultana - only Muslim lady ever ruled India

Razia Sultana - only Muslim lady ever ruled India : Though Iltumish had nominated his daughter Razia as the successor, the nobles placed Ruknuddin Firoz as the throne. However, Razia got rid of Ruknuddin and ascended the throne.

Razia was the "first and only Muslim lady who ever ruled India". Razia was popular among the people but was not acceptable to the nobles and theologians.

Razia further offended the nobles by her preference for an Abyssian slave Yakut. Soon after her accession, the governors of Multan, Badaun, Hansi and Lahore openly revolted against her.

There was a serious rebellion in Bhatinda. Altunia, governor of Bhatinda refused to accept suzerainity of Razia. Razia accompanied by Yakut marched against Altunia.

(Grave of Razia Sultan)

However, Altunia got Yakut murdered and imprisoned Razia. Subsequently, Razia married Altunia and both of them marched towards Delhi.

In 1240 AD, Razia became the victim of a conspiracy and was assassinated near Kaithal, Haryana.

Asteroids

Asteroids : Asteroids are also known as minor planets. They are objects that revolve around the Sun. They are mostly found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Asteroids are a belt of debris which failed to assemble into planets and keeps on revolving around the Sun. This has come to be called as 'asteroid belt'.

An Asteroid

More than 5000 asteroids have been identified. Asteroids may be spherical, elongated or irregular in shape. All asteroids rotate on their axis, every 5 to 20 hours. Certain asteroids may have satellites.

Trojan asteroids are found in two clouds moving in the orbit of Jupiter, one moving ahead of it and the other moving behind it.

Rotating Asteroid

"Scientits believe that these asteroids occupy a place where a planet could have exited but was prevented from its formation by the disruptive gravitational force of the giant planet, Jupiter."

Elasticity and Elastic Limit

Q. What is Elasticity?

Ans. Elasticity : Elasticity is the property of material of a body by virtue of which the body acquires its original shape and size after the removal of deforming force.

Q. What does Elastic Limit mean?

Ans. Elastic Limit : Elastic limit is the maximum value of deforming force upto which a material shows elastic property and above which the material looses its elastic property.

Venus the second planet from the Sun

Venus : Venus is the second planet in distance from the Sun. Venus is nearest to the Earth and is also the brightest planet.

Venus is known as the "Evening Star" as well as well "Morning Star". Venus is surrounded by a thick cloud cover, hence known as the "Veiled Planet".

Evening Star

Venus is like the Earth in size and mass, and hence also known as the "Earth's Twin".

Planet Venus

Venus is a very hot planet. Venus has no water on it. There is no sufficient oxygen on the Venus.

Pluto is not a planet?...Why?....Know here»»

Our Solar System...»»

Countries and their Capital

Countries and their Capital with their National Flags

»» Argentina : Buenos Aires

National Flag of Argentina

»» Belgium : Brussels

National Flag of Belgium

»» Ireland : Dublin

National Flag of Ireland

»» Kyrgyzstan : Bishkek

National Flag of Kyrgyzstan

»» Mongolia : Ulan Bator

National Flag of Mongolia

»» Nauru : Yaren

National Flag of Nauru

»» Norway : Oslo

National Flag of Norway

»» Romania : Bucharest

National Flag of Romania

»» Cyprus : Nicosia

National Flag of Cyprus

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main unit of computer where data processing is done.

It is known as heart and brain of computer. In microcomputer (i.e. PC/Laptop at our home), the entire CPU is contained on a CHIP known as microprocessor.

Microprocessor like Pentium IV and Core2 Duo are the most important part of computer motherboard.

Intel Pentium IV - Logo

Mesopotamian System of Counting

Mesopotamian System of Counting : The Mesopotamian System of Counting is known as sexagesimal because the Mesopotamian people counted by sixties as we count by tens i.e. decimal system.

Their sexagesimal system is no longer in use but we still use it as the basis of division of time into minutes and seconds and of a circle into degrees.

Firewall

Firewall : Firewall is one of the most popular techniques of network security. Firewall provides logical security to organization data and network.

Firewall is a computerized electronic system, installed between organization private network and public network to protect organization private network from unauthorized access.

Firewall is a control for invasive type of subvasive threats. Firewall is like an insulate which insulate organization private network from invaders coming through public network.

Firewall

National Animals of some Countries

»»    Canada : Eagle

»»    India : Tiger

»»    Australia : Kangaroo

»»    Japan : Ibis

»»    New Zealand : Kiwi

»»    United Kingdom : Robin Redbreast

(Image Source : wikimedia.org)

Bluetooth

Bluetooth : Bluetooth is a technology which enables mobile phones,computers and PDAs to communicate with each other in a short range or distance with wireless facility i.e. without connecting with each other by using wires or cables.

Bluetooth Symbol

Bluetooth enables its users to coordinate data between mobile phones, computers and printers for sending, receiving and printing information without the need of connecting to each other.

Bluetooth requires a low cost trans-receiver chip in each device, this chip enables to transmit and receive the data in certain predefined frequency band of 2.45 GHz.

Other than data exchange, the Bluetooth also enable to use voice channels. Bluetooth connection can be peer to peer (i.e. point to point) and multi point, but normally works in the short range.

Bluetooth technology got this name in honour of Herald Bluetooth, the King of Denmark in the 10th century.

Six Kingdom Classification

Well some time ago all living things were classified in five kingdoms but now scientists classify all living things into six kingdoms.

Based on Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) studies, "Carl Woese" divided the prokaryotes (classified till now as the Kingdom Monera) into 2 groups, called Archaebacteria & Eubacteria. This means that there is no more consolidated Monera Kingdom.

The Six Kingdoms are as follows :

(1). Archaebacteria Kingdom Classification : Archaebacteria are probably the oldest living organisms on the planet earth. Archaebacteria are prokaryotes and uni-cellular. Archaebacteria can be found in very harsh (i.e. rough & tough) conditions, such as at the in volcanic vents and/or bottom of the sea. Early Earth's atmosphere was filled with poisonous and harmful gases and the climate was very hot, there nothing could survive but the "Archaebacteria". When the Earth's conditions settled down and oxygen was introduced to the atmosphere then slowly the modern organisms emerged.
Archaebacteria Kingdom Examples : Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles, Thermoacidophiles etc.

(2). Eubacteria Kingdom Classification : The eubacteria are more complex, and common, than the archaebacteria. It is the eubacteria that most of the people talk about when they say bacteria, because they live in more neutral conditions. Eubacteria can be found everywhere around us such as in our food, our body etc.
Eubacteria Kingdom Examples : Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus antracis, Bacillus pneumonia, Clostridium tentani, Cyanobacteria, Salmonella etc.

(3). Protista Kingdom Classification : This kingdom includes unicellular from usually found in aquatic habitats. On the basis of mode of nutrition they are autotrophic, parasitic, and saprophytic. Diatoms flagellates and protozoa come under this kingdom. Egulena have both heterotrophic and autotrophic mode of nutrition. So, it is placed between plant and animal.
Protista Kingdom Examples : Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Plasmodium etc.

(4). Fungi Kingdom Classification : This kingdom includes non-green plants. It has saprophytic nutrition and growing on dead and decaying organic matter. The cell wall is composed of chitin.
Fungi Kingdom Example : Yeasts, Molds, Mushroom etc.

(5). Planatae Kingdom Classification : Planatae kingdom includes all plants except some fungi, diatoms, algae and member of monera and Protista.
Planatae Kingdom Examples : Oak, Cactus etc.

(6). Animalia Kingdom Classification : Mostly all remaining animal comes under this kingdom except protozoan.
Animalia Kingdom Examples :- Horse, Tiger, Kangaroo etc.

Six Kingdom Classification

Firsts in the world : Volume - IV

»» First country to make education compulsory : Prussia

»» First country to make a constitution : United States of America

»» First man to set foot on the moon : Neil Armstrong

»» First female Space Tourist : Mrs. Anousheh Ansari (Irani - American)

»» First man to win Nobel Prize for Medicine : A. E. Wonn Behrig (Germany)

Sextant

Sextant : Sextant is used by navigators to find the latitude of a place by measuring the elevation above the horizon of the sun or another star; also used to measure the height of very distant objects.

Bank

Bank : Bank is a financial institution. Bank accepts funds on savings account and current accounts. Bank also lends money. The bank accepts the cheques drawn by its customers against their deposits in savings or current bank account and make payments. Bank is like a trader that deals in money and also in credit.

Bank

New Seven Wonders of the World

"New 7 Wonders of the World" declared on 7th July, 2007 by the foundation called "New Seven (7) Wonders Foundation" of Switzerland, at an amazing ceremony organized in the Benefica stadium situated in Lisbon, Portugal.

(1). Taj Mahal : Agra, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA