Water as a Nutrient

Human gets it by drinking. Water is the important component of our body 65-75% weight of the body is water.

Water is a Nutrient

Water controls the temperature of our body by sweating and vaporizing. It is the important way of execution of the excretory substances from the body.

Maximum organic chemical reactions in the body perform through hydrolysis.

Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineering : Production and designing of spare part for overcoming various defects in man. In leyman terms creating (developing) a part of human body.
e.g. artificial limbs, Iron lungs, Pacemaker etc.

Biomedical Engineering

What is living?

Q. What is living?

Ans. The word living cannot be defined. However, there are certain characters by which can be distinguished from non living.

For Example:-

» Growth : Increase in the number of cell or mass is called growth

» Reproduction : Living organism produce young ones of their same kind

» Metabolism : Chemical reaction occuring inside a living cell

» Response of stimuli : Living have the ability to sense the condition of their surrounding and respond to these stimuli

Living Cell

Nuclear Pollution

First of all we should know that “What is Pollution?”

Pollution: Unwanted changes in the chemical and physical features of air, water and land that are dangerous to human and other organisms, their life conditions, industrial process and cultural achievements are called pollution.

Now let’s see what is “Nuclear Pollution”?

Nuclear Pollution: Nuclear Pollution is created by radioactive rays and following can be the sources of such pollution :–

1. Pollution from the rays which are used in Medical Treatment.

2. Pollution created from fuels used in Atomic Reactors.

3. Pollution created from the use of Nuclear Weapons.

4. Pollution created remaining substances coming out of Atomic Power-Houses.



Now suggest us what we can do to reduce "Nuclear Pollution".

World's Smallest

1. Australia is the smallest continent with a land area of 7,618,000 sq km.

2. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the World's oceans with an area of 14,060,000 sq km .

3. Vatican City has an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of just below 1000. Which makes Vatican City the smallest independent state in the world by both area and population.

4. The D River is a river in Lincoln City,Oregon, United States is known as the shortest river in the world with the measurement of 440 feet (130 m).

Famous Writers and their Books

S.No.	Writer	Book
1	Albert Einstein	The World as I see it
2	Charles Darwin	Descent of Man
3	Dante	Divine Comedy
4	William Shakespeare	Othello
5	Plato	Republic

What is Ecology?

Ecology : Study of inter relationship between living organism and their environment. Various population of living in a definite place is called Biotic Community.

Ecosystem or Ecology system word was first coined by scientist namely Tansley.

Every ecosystem is made up of two components:-

(1). Biotic component – Living part

(2). Abiotic component – Non living part


(Image Credit : bathstudent.com)

5 Most spoken languages in the World

S.No.	Language	% of world population
1	Mandarin	14.1%
2	Spanish	5.9%
3	English	5.5%
4	Hindi	4.5%
5	Arabic	4.2%

Facts about Coffee

»»   Coffee trees are cultivated in about 75 countries.

»»   Green coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world.

»»   There are over 900 species of insect as pests of coffee crops in the world.

»»   The top 5 green coffee producing countries are Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia and India.



»»   Coffee consumption can lead to iron deficiency anemia in mothers and infants.

»»   Caffeine found in coffee can cause anxiety in normal individuals.

»»   United States of America (U.S.A) imports more coffee than any other country.

»»   South America produces almost 45% of the world's total coffee exports.


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World's top 10 military spenders in 2012

Country Spending in $ Bn.

(1)    United States    :    711

(2)    China   :    143

(3)    Russia    :    81

(4)    United Kingdom    :    63

(5)    France    :    62.5

(6)    Japan    :    59

(7)    Saudi Arabia    :    48

(8)    India    :    47

(9)    Germany    :    47

(10)  Brazil    :    35

[Source : SIPRI Yearbook 2012

The money spend is being rounded off]

Most Academy Awards won by an Actor

(1).   Katharine Hepburn [4] : 4 Best Actress




(2).   Ingrid Bergman [3] : 2 Best Actress, 1 Best Supporting Actress




(3).   Jack Nicholson [3] : 2 Best Actor, 1 Best Supporting Actor




(4).   Meryl Streep [3] : 2 Best Actress, 1 Best Supporting Actress




(5).   Walter Brennan [3] : 3 Best Supporting Actor

Top 5 Oldest Universities of India in continuous operation

Top 5 Oldest Universities of India in continuous operation

(1). Anna University - Chennai, Tamil Nadu; active since 1678.

(2). College of Engineering Guindy - Chennai, Tamil Nadu; active since 1794.

(3). University of Madras - Chennai, Tamil Nadu; active since 1857.

(4). Madras Christian College - Chennai, Tamil Nadu; active since 1835.

(5). University of Calcutta - Kolkata, West Bengal; active since 1857.

The 5 nuclear-weapon countries under the NPT

The 5 nuclear-weapon countries under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

(1).    People's Republic of China

(2).    France

(3).    Russia

(4).    United Kingdom

(5).    United States of America

Top space agencies with manned spaceflight capability

Top space agencies with manned spaceflight capability

»»    China National Space Administration (CNSA) : People's Republic of China

»»    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) : United States

»»    Russian Federal Space Agency (RFSA) : Russia

Sex determination in Human

Sex determination in Human : In human male sex chromosome is XY, where in female sex chromosome is XX.

During gamete (sperm) formation in male half of the sperm contains X chromosome while other half contain Y chromosome. In female all gametes contain only one type of chromosome that is X.

Sex determination in Human

Thus when a male gamete i.e. sperm carrying X chromosome fertilize an ova, the zygote develope into female. When a sperm carrying Y chromosome fertilizes an egg, zygote develops into male.

First in the World : Volume VI

»»    First country to start Civil Service Competition : China

»»    First city to be attacked with Atom Bomb : Heroshima (Japan)

»»    First Woman Prime Minister of a country : S. Bhandarnayke (Sri Lanka)

»»    First man to compile Encyclopedia : Aspheosis (Athens)

»»    First Asian to win Wimbledon Trophy : Arthur Ashe

Father of modern Chemistry

Question : What is Chemistry?

Answer : Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the composition of matter and also the Physical and Chemical characteristics associated with the different material objects.

Question : Who is the father of modern Chemistry?

Answer : French chemist, "Lavoisier (1743-1793)" is regarded as the father of modern chemistry.

Lavoisier (1743-1793)

Razia Sultana - only Muslim lady ever ruled India

Razia Sultana - only Muslim lady ever ruled India : Though Iltumish had nominated his daughter Razia as the successor, the nobles placed Ruknuddin Firoz as the throne. However, Razia got rid of Ruknuddin and ascended the throne.

Razia was the "first and only Muslim lady who ever ruled India". Razia was popular among the people but was not acceptable to the nobles and theologians.

Razia further offended the nobles by her preference for an Abyssian slave Yakut. Soon after her accession, the governors of Multan, Badaun, Hansi and Lahore openly revolted against her.

There was a serious rebellion in Bhatinda. Altunia, governor of Bhatinda refused to accept suzerainity of Razia. Razia accompanied by Yakut marched against Altunia.



(Grave of Razia Sultan)

However, Altunia got Yakut murdered and imprisoned Razia. Subsequently, Razia married Altunia and both of them marched towards Delhi.

In 1240 AD, Razia became the victim of a conspiracy and was assassinated near Kaithal, Haryana.

Asteroids

Asteroids : Asteroids are also known as minor planets. They are objects that revolve around the Sun. They are mostly found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Asteroids are a belt of debris which failed to assemble into planets and keeps on revolving around the Sun. This has come to be called as 'asteroid belt'.

An Asteroid

More than 5000 asteroids have been identified. Asteroids may be spherical, elongated or irregular in shape. All asteroids rotate on their axis, every 5 to 20 hours. Certain asteroids may have satellites.

Trojan asteroids are found in two clouds moving in the orbit of Jupiter, one moving ahead of it and the other moving behind it.

Rotating Asteroid

"Scientits believe that these asteroids occupy a place where a planet could have exited but was prevented from its formation by the disruptive gravitational force of the giant planet, Jupiter."

Elasticity and Elastic Limit

Q. What is Elasticity?

Ans. Elasticity : Elasticity is the property of material of a body by virtue of which the body acquires its original shape and size after the removal of deforming force.




Q. What does Elastic Limit mean?

Ans. Elastic Limit : Elastic limit is the maximum value of deforming force upto which a material shows elastic property and above which the material looses its elastic property.