Allotropy : The substances which have same chemical properties, but different physical properties are called Allotropy.
Example : Allotropis of Carbon - Diamond, Graphite, Charcoal.
Diamond : Diamond is the purest form of carbon. It is the hardest natural known substance. It is transparent, and specific gravity 3.52. It is bad conductor of electricity and heat.
Diamond has very high refractive index 2.415. It is chemically inert and on heating above 1500°C, transferred into graphic. It form tetrahedral crystals and subsidization of C-atom is sp raise to the power 3.
Diamond has high mp and density. Black diamonds called carbonado contains traces of graphite.
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| Graphite and Diamond |
Graphite : Graphite is soft, greasy, dark greyish colored crystalline solid. It is good conductor of heat and electricity. Its specific gravity is 2.3. The hybridization of carbon is graphite is sp2 and it has hexagonal layer structure.
Graphite is chemically more reactive than diamond. Its layer structure is held by weak van der waal's force.
Graphite is used in making for lining and making electrodes of electric furnances, in making refractory crucible, in making lead pencils, as a moderator in nuclear reactor as lubricant in machinery, as a reducing agent in steel manufacturing.
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