Motion of hands of a clock, motion of earth around the Sun, motion of the needles of a sewing machine are examples of periodic motion.
Periodic Motion
Periodic Motion : Any motion which repeats itself after regular interval of time is called 'harmonic' or 'periodic' motion.
Motion of hands of a clock, motion of earth around the Sun, motion of the needles of a sewing machine are examples of periodic motion.
Motion of hands of a clock, motion of earth around the Sun, motion of the needles of a sewing machine are examples of periodic motion.
Arbitrage
Arbitrage : A technique employed to take advantage of differences in price.
For example:- XYZ stock can be bought in London for $80 a share and sold in New York at $80.25, an 'arbitrageur' may purchase XYZ stock here and sell the same amt. in New York at the same time, making a profit of $0.25 a share, minus expenses.
"Arbitrage" may also include the purchase of rights to subscribe to a security, or the purchase of a convertible security; and the sale at or about the same time of the security obtainable through exercise of the rights or of the security obtainable through conversion.
For example:- XYZ stock can be bought in London for $80 a share and sold in New York at $80.25, an 'arbitrageur' may purchase XYZ stock here and sell the same amt. in New York at the same time, making a profit of $0.25 a share, minus expenses.
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| Stock Exchange |
"Arbitrage" may also include the purchase of rights to subscribe to a security, or the purchase of a convertible security; and the sale at or about the same time of the security obtainable through exercise of the rights or of the security obtainable through conversion.
Uranus : The 7th Rock from the Sun
Uranus - Seventh Planet of the Solar System : Uranus is about four times the size of the Earth. Uranus appears "greenish" in color because of "Methane" gas present in its atmosphere.
It was discovered by "Sir William Hersiel" in 1781. It is the seventh planet from the "Sun". 'Uranus' is also the very first planet to have been discovered by the use of a 'Telescope'.
Uranus is the 3rd biggest planet of the Solar System. Uranus is extremely cold, having surface temperature -190°C.
Uranus is surrounded by 5 rings namely, alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon. Uranus rotates from east to west on its axis, which is opposite to other planets.
The axis of Uranus has very large inclination so that it appears to be lying down, hence, it bears the name "A Planet on its Side".
It was discovered by "Sir William Hersiel" in 1781. It is the seventh planet from the "Sun". 'Uranus' is also the very first planet to have been discovered by the use of a 'Telescope'.
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| Planet - Uranus |
Uranus is surrounded by 5 rings namely, alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon. Uranus rotates from east to west on its axis, which is opposite to other planets.
The axis of Uranus has very large inclination so that it appears to be lying down, hence, it bears the name "A Planet on its Side".
Socialism
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| Socialism Symbol |
In 1848, Karl Max and Engels laid down the principles of scientific socialism in Communist Manifesto and Marxism became the theoretical basis for most socialist thought.
Socialism was split in Russia between the reformist Mensheviks and revolutionary Bolsheviks that led to the term Socialism and Communism as they are now generally understood.
Navaratna (Nine Jewels) of Akbar
(1) Birbal : Administrator
(2) Abul Fazl : Scholar and Statesman
(3) Faizi : Scholar and Statesman
(4) Todarmal : Finance Minister
(5) Bhagwandas : Mansabdar
(6) Man Singh : Mansabdar
(7) Tansen : Musician
(8) Abdur Rahim Khanekhana : Statesman
(9) Mullah Do Pyaza : Chief Advisor
Abbreviations associated with Computer
»» SSL : Secure Socket Layer
»» PSPDN : Pocket Switched Public Data Network
»» GAIS : Gateway Internet Access Service
»» FAX : Far Away Xeorx
»» SNOBOL : String Oriented Symbolic Language
»» CATScan : Computerized Axial Tomography Scan
»» PSPDN : Pocket Switched Public Data Network
»» GAIS : Gateway Internet Access Service
»» FAX : Far Away Xeorx
»» SNOBOL : String Oriented Symbolic Language
»» CATScan : Computerized Axial Tomography Scan
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| CATScan Machine |
Intranet
Intranet : Intranet is a private network available to organization employee from any where in the world using internet.
The intranet is a type of information system that connects people, department, and offices which are widely dispersed with in an organization.
Intranet is a private network of an organization which uses internet technology for communication, like web browser, web server, etc.
With an intranet, access to organization database can be made available to organization employees and offices remotely through internet connectivity.
The objective of intranet is to provide connectivity to offices and to employees from any where in the world at a least cost for a better management of organization.
Intranet facilitates a group and collaborative working between employees of organization located at different places.
Intranet help to provide the latest and up to date information for decision making and reduces the documentation and communication cost.
The intranet is a type of information system that connects people, department, and offices which are widely dispersed with in an organization.
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| Intranet |
Intranet is a private network of an organization which uses internet technology for communication, like web browser, web server, etc.
With an intranet, access to organization database can be made available to organization employees and offices remotely through internet connectivity.
The objective of intranet is to provide connectivity to offices and to employees from any where in the world at a least cost for a better management of organization.
Intranet facilitates a group and collaborative working between employees of organization located at different places.
Intranet help to provide the latest and up to date information for decision making and reduces the documentation and communication cost.
Important Monuments of the World
»» Pyramid : Giza (Egypt)
»» The Leaning Tower of Pisa : Italy
»» Great Wall : China
»» Taj Mahal : Agra (India)
»» Eiffel Tower : Paris (France)
»» The Leaning Tower of Pisa : Italy
»» Great Wall : China
»» Taj Mahal : Agra (India)
»» Eiffel Tower : Paris (France)
Human Blood
Blood is a fluid connective tissue. The quantity of blood in the human's body is 7% of the total weight. This is dissolution of base whose PH value is 7.4.
There is an average of 5 - 6 litre of blood in human body. Female contains half litre of blood less in human body. Blood is consist of two part -
(i) Plasma and
(ii) Blood Corpuscle
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| Microscopic image of Human blood |
There is an average of 5 - 6 litre of blood in human body. Female contains half litre of blood less in human body. Blood is consist of two part -
(i) Plasma and
(ii) Blood Corpuscle
Plastics
Plastics are cross linked polymers and are very tough. Lac is a natural plastic, chemical plastic can be of two types :
(i) Thermoplastic Plastics : These are the polymers which can be easily softened repeatedly when heated and hardened when cooled with little change in their properties.
Examples : Polyethylene, Polyatyrene, Teflon etc.
(ii) Thermosetting Plastics : These are the polymers which undergo permanent change on heating. On heating they undergo extensive cross linking in moulds and become hard and infusible therefore, they can not be reused.
Examples : Bakelite, Glyptal, Terrylene etc.
(i) Thermoplastic Plastics : These are the polymers which can be easily softened repeatedly when heated and hardened when cooled with little change in their properties.
Examples : Polyethylene, Polyatyrene, Teflon etc.
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| Plastic Sheet |
(ii) Thermosetting Plastics : These are the polymers which undergo permanent change on heating. On heating they undergo extensive cross linking in moulds and become hard and infusible therefore, they can not be reused.
Examples : Bakelite, Glyptal, Terrylene etc.
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| Bakelite Handle |
Theory of Colors
Color : Color is the sensation perceived by the rods in the eye due to light.
Primary Colors : The spectral colors blue, green and red are called primary colors because all the colors can be produced by mixing these in proper proportion.
» Red + Green + Blue = White
Secondary Colors : The colors produced by mixing any two primary colors is called a secondary colors. There are three secondary colors Yellow, Magenta and Cyan as :
» Green + Red = Yellow
» Red + Blue = Magenta
» Blue + Green = Cyan
When the three secondary colors are mixed, Black color is produced.
» Yellow + Magenta + Cyan = Black
Primary Colors : The spectral colors blue, green and red are called primary colors because all the colors can be produced by mixing these in proper proportion.
» Red + Green + Blue = White
Secondary Colors : The colors produced by mixing any two primary colors is called a secondary colors. There are three secondary colors Yellow, Magenta and Cyan as :
» Green + Red = Yellow
» Red + Blue = Magenta
» Blue + Green = Cyan
When the three secondary colors are mixed, Black color is produced.
» Yellow + Magenta + Cyan = Black
Countries and their Currency
»» Austria : Shilling
»» Bulgaria : Lev
»» Cuba : Peso
»» Denmark : Danish Krone
»» Ghana : Cedi
»» Hungary : Florint
»» India : Rupee
»» Japan : Yen
»» Nigeria : Naira
»» Poland : Zloty
»» Bulgaria : Lev
»» Cuba : Peso
»» Denmark : Danish Krone
»» Ghana : Cedi
»» Hungary : Florint
»» India : Rupee
»» Japan : Yen
»» Nigeria : Naira
»» Poland : Zloty
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| Image of Indian Rupee Symbol |
Association of Places : World Volume II
»» St. Helena : Napoleon Bonaparte
»» Mecca : Prophet Muhammad
»» Pearl Harbour : Japan's attack during World War II
»» Trafalgar : Nelson
»» Crosica : Napoleon Bonaparte
»» Mecca : Prophet Muhammad
»» Pearl Harbour : Japan's attack during World War II
»» Trafalgar : Nelson
»» Crosica : Napoleon Bonaparte
World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web (WWW) is the perhaps the most important component that moved the internet from scientists and research organizations to people's homes.
It offers smooth and easy to use graphical interface to access information available on internet and it is considered as synonymous of internet.
The WWW is distributed file management system with programs to access and send information.
The clients to WWW are internet browsers that help to connect to a website server, request a web page and format the received content for display.
The fundamental unit of web page. The web page is a text document developed using HTML that contains links to other web pages, graphics and audio files, and other internet services such as Email.
Web pages reside on web server and can be accessed with the help of internet browsers. Some of the popular internet browsers are : Apple's Safari, Google Chrome, Opera, Netscape etc.
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| World Wide Web (WWW) |
The WWW is distributed file management system with programs to access and send information.
The clients to WWW are internet browsers that help to connect to a website server, request a web page and format the received content for display.
The fundamental unit of web page. The web page is a text document developed using HTML that contains links to other web pages, graphics and audio files, and other internet services such as Email.
Web pages reside on web server and can be accessed with the help of internet browsers. Some of the popular internet browsers are : Apple's Safari, Google Chrome, Opera, Netscape etc.
World Newspapers and their place of publication
»» Daily Mirror : London, United Kingdom
»» People's Daily : Beijing, China
»» Hindustan Times : India
»» Toronto Star : Canada
»» Dawn : Karachi, Pakistan
»» Pravda : Moscow, Russia
»» Khalij Times : Dubai, United Arab Emirates
»» Mainichi Shimbun : Tokyo, Japan
»» La Figaro : Paris, France
»» Bangladesh Observer : Dhaka, Bangladesh
»» People's Daily : Beijing, China
»» Hindustan Times : India
»» Toronto Star : Canada
»» Dawn : Karachi, Pakistan
»» Pravda : Moscow, Russia
»» Khalij Times : Dubai, United Arab Emirates
»» Mainichi Shimbun : Tokyo, Japan
»» La Figaro : Paris, France
»» Bangladesh Observer : Dhaka, Bangladesh
Plant Hormone : Auxins which was discovered by Darwin
Auxins was discovered by Darwin in the year 1880. This is the hormone which controls the growth of plants. Its formation takes place in the apex parts of the plants.
Functions of Auxins are :
1. It prevents the separation of the leaves
2. It destroys the straws
3. It saves the crops from falling
Functions of Auxins are :
1. It prevents the separation of the leaves
2. It destroys the straws
3. It saves the crops from falling
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| Wheat Crop |
Fertilizers
Fertilizers : The substances added to the soil to make up the deficiency of essential elements are known as fertilizers, these are either natural or synthetic (chemical).
For a chemical fertilizer, the following requirements should be met :
(i) It must be sufficiently soluble in water
(ii) It should be stable so that the element in it may be available for a longer time.
(iii) It should contain nothing injurious to plants.
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| Fertilizers |
For a chemical fertilizer, the following requirements should be met :
(i) It must be sufficiently soluble in water
(ii) It should be stable so that the element in it may be available for a longer time.
(iii) It should contain nothing injurious to plants.
Cohesive Force and Adhesive Force
Cohesive Force : The force of attraction between the molecules of same substances is called cohesive force. Cohesive Force is maximum in solids. This is why solids have a fixed shape. Cohesive Force is negligible in case of gases.
Adhesive Force : Force of attraction between the molecules of different substances is called adhesive force. Due to adhesive force, one body sticks to other.
Adhesive Force : Force of attraction between the molecules of different substances is called adhesive force. Due to adhesive force, one body sticks to other.
Natural Levees
Natural Levees : When a river is over flooded, its water crosses its banks. At that time, the speed of the water is reduced, and the pebbles and stones carried by the river get deposited near the banks.
On account of frequent floods, the area where these sediments are deposited near the bank of the river rises higher than the flood plain.
This high wall is called a natural levee or natural embankment. Such levees are found on the banks of the Mississippi, the Huang - ho etc., Southern bank of river Ganga (India).
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| Natural Levee |
This high wall is called a natural levee or natural embankment. Such levees are found on the banks of the Mississippi, the Huang - ho etc., Southern bank of river Ganga (India).
Meaning of Certain Terms : Colonialism, Imperialism and Capitalism
Colonialism : Colony means the country or territory settled by migrants from another country. Thus, the policy of having colonies and keeping them dependant is called Colonialism.
Imperialism : The policy of extending a state's rule over other territories, and of incorporating such colonized into an empire is called Imperialism.
Capitalism : Economic system in which a country's trade and industry are organized and controlled by the owners of capital, the chief elements being competition, profit, supply and demand.
Imperialism : The policy of extending a state's rule over other territories, and of incorporating such colonized into an empire is called Imperialism.
Capitalism : Economic system in which a country's trade and industry are organized and controlled by the owners of capital, the chief elements being competition, profit, supply and demand.
Abbreviations associated with Computer
»» MAN : Metropolitan Area Network
»» CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access
»» FORTRAN : Formula Translation
»» UPS : Uninterpretable Power Supply
»» DTP : Desk-Top Publishing
»» CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access
»» FORTRAN : Formula Translation
»» UPS : Uninterpretable Power Supply
»» DTP : Desk-Top Publishing
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| UPS |
Superlatives : World
»» Tallest Animal on land : Giraffe
»» Largest Bird : Ostrich
»» Highest City : Wen Chuan (Tibet) 16,732 ft
»» Smallest Continent : Australia
»» Longest Epic : The Mahabharata
Who invented Volleyball?...Do you know...Know here»»
What is HTML?...Know here»»
What is the concept of flotation?How things flot?...Know here»»
Virus
Study of virus is virology. Virus was discovered by Russian scientist Ivanovsky in the year 1892, during the test of Mosaic disease on tobacco.
In nature, there are ultra microscopic particle known as viruses. Virus are connecting link between living and non living.
It has both the characters of living and non living, so it is a connecting link between living and non living.
In nature, there are ultra microscopic particle known as viruses. Virus are connecting link between living and non living.
It has both the characters of living and non living, so it is a connecting link between living and non living.
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| Virus |
Countries and their main Industries/Produces
»» Brazil : Coffee
»» Iraq : Dates, Petroleum
»» Malaysia : Rubber, Tin
»» Spain : Lead
»» China : Tea, Silk, Rice
»» Denmark : Textiles, Paper
»» Taiwan : Camphor, Rice
»» India : Jute, Textiles, Sugar, Spices, Tea, Cement, Mica
»» Iraq : Dates, Petroleum
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| Spices |
»» Malaysia : Rubber, Tin
»» Spain : Lead
»» China : Tea, Silk, Rice
»» Denmark : Textiles, Paper
»» Taiwan : Camphor, Rice
»» India : Jute, Textiles, Sugar, Spices, Tea, Cement, Mica
Rainbow
Rainbow : Rainbow is the colored display in the form of an arc of a circle hanging in the sky observed during or after a little drizzle appearing on the opposite side of sun.
Rainbow is formed due to dispersion of sun light by the suspended water droplets.
Types of Rainbow : Rainbow is of two types (i) Primary Rainbow (ii) Secondary Rainbow
(i) Primary Rainbow : Primary Rainbow is formed due to two refractions and one total internal feflaction of light falling on the raindrops.
In the primary rainbow, the red color is on the convex side and violet on the concave side. Primary rainbow has an angular width of 2° at an average angle of elevation of 41°.
(ii) Secondary Rainbow : Secondary Rainbow is formed due to two refractions and two internal feflactions of light falling on raindrops.
The order of color on the secondary rainbow is in the reverse order and has an angular width of 3.5° at an average angle of elevation of 52.75°. Secondary rainbow is less intense than primary rainbow.
Rainbow is formed due to dispersion of sun light by the suspended water droplets.
Types of Rainbow : Rainbow is of two types (i) Primary Rainbow (ii) Secondary Rainbow
(i) Primary Rainbow : Primary Rainbow is formed due to two refractions and one total internal feflaction of light falling on the raindrops.
In the primary rainbow, the red color is on the convex side and violet on the concave side. Primary rainbow has an angular width of 2° at an average angle of elevation of 41°.
(ii) Secondary Rainbow : Secondary Rainbow is formed due to two refractions and two internal feflactions of light falling on raindrops.
The order of color on the secondary rainbow is in the reverse order and has an angular width of 3.5° at an average angle of elevation of 52.75°. Secondary rainbow is less intense than primary rainbow.
Pacific Ocean
There are four oceans. In order of their size, they are : Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Arctic Ocean.
Pacific Ocean : The famous explorer "Ferdinand Magellan", who then circumnavigated the Earth, named this ocean "Pacific" meaning 'Peaceful'.
The pacific ocean is the largest ocean of the world with an area of 166,240,000 sq. km. It is the deepest ocean with an average depth of 4,200m.
The Mariana Trench is the world's deepest trench with a depth of 36,201 feet. Most of the islands of this ocean are of volcanic or coral origin.
Pacific Ocean : The famous explorer "Ferdinand Magellan", who then circumnavigated the Earth, named this ocean "Pacific" meaning 'Peaceful'.
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| Pacific Ocean |
The Mariana Trench is the world's deepest trench with a depth of 36,201 feet. Most of the islands of this ocean are of volcanic or coral origin.
Factors which make the earth suitable for life to evolve and survive
The earth has all the essential elements like Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen which act as building blocks for the origin of life. The earth is neither too hot nor too cold. It has exactly right temperature range for carrying out the precious life sustaining chemical reactions.
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| Earth |
The earth has a protective shield of "Ozone" layer high up in its atmosphere to save living from extremely harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiations coming from sun.
Superlatives : World
»» Fastest Bird : Swift
»» Tallest Building : Burj Khalifa, Dubai (UAE)
»» Largest Delta : Sundarbans, India (8,000 sq. miles)
»» Largest Mammal : Whale
»» Largest Diamond Mine : Kimberly (South Africa)
»» Longest Life span of an Animal : about 200 years, (Giant Tortoise)
»» Largest Volcano : Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
»» Longest Railway Tunnel : Seikan Rail Tunnel Seikan (Japan), 53.85 km
»» Brightest Star : Sirius (aka Dog Star)
»» Most Intelligent Animal : Chimpanzee
»» Tallest Building : Burj Khalifa, Dubai (UAE)
»» Largest Delta : Sundarbans, India (8,000 sq. miles)
»» Largest Mammal : Whale
»» Largest Diamond Mine : Kimberly (South Africa)
»» Longest Life span of an Animal : about 200 years, (Giant Tortoise)
»» Largest Volcano : Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
»» Longest Railway Tunnel : Seikan Rail Tunnel Seikan (Japan), 53.85 km
»» Brightest Star : Sirius (aka Dog Star)
»» Most Intelligent Animal : Chimpanzee
Organic Evolution
More and more creation of organism by gradual changes from low categories animal to higher animal is called organic evolution. There are several evidence regarding organic evolution.
Homologous organ : Organ which are seen different due to use in various function but its structure and embryonic embryonic development are similar.
Example - Flipper of Whale, featurer of bat, forlimb of horse, Paw of cat and hands of human.
Analogous organ : Organ which looks similar due to be used in similar function but their internal structure and embryonic development are different.
Example - feature of butterfly, bats and birds all looks similar but their internal structure and origin are different.
Vestigial organ : These are organs which appear functinless in an organism but functional in their ancestor.
Example - vermiform appendix of large intestine and nictitating membrane of human. Vermiform appendix is functional in herbivorous mammal even now.
Fossils : Fossils are the remains of ancient plant or animal which provide evidence for evaluation. Example - Archaeoptery.
Archaeopteryx : It is a fossils look like bird but near a number of features found in reptiles. So, it is a connecting link between aves and reptile.
Homologous organ : Organ which are seen different due to use in various function but its structure and embryonic embryonic development are similar.
Example - Flipper of Whale, featurer of bat, forlimb of horse, Paw of cat and hands of human.
Analogous organ : Organ which looks similar due to be used in similar function but their internal structure and embryonic development are different.
Example - feature of butterfly, bats and birds all looks similar but their internal structure and origin are different.
Vestigial organ : These are organs which appear functinless in an organism but functional in their ancestor.
Example - vermiform appendix of large intestine and nictitating membrane of human. Vermiform appendix is functional in herbivorous mammal even now.
Fossils : Fossils are the remains of ancient plant or animal which provide evidence for evaluation. Example - Archaeoptery.
Archaeopteryx : It is a fossils look like bird but near a number of features found in reptiles. So, it is a connecting link between aves and reptile.
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| Organic Evolution |
Carbon and its Compounds
Carbon : Carbon is non-metal having atomic number 6 and mass number 12. It is placed in group (IV) A or group 14 in periodic table.
Allotropy : The substances which have same chemical properties, but different physical properties are called Allotropy.
Example : Allotropis of Carbon - Diamond, Graphite, Charcoal.
Diamond : Diamond is the purest form of carbon. It is the hardest natural known substance. It is transparent, and specific gravity 3.52. It is bad conductor of electricity and heat.
Diamond has very high refractive index 2.415. It is chemically inert and on heating above 1500°C, transferred into graphic. It form tetrahedral crystals and subsidization of C-atom is sp raise to the power 3.
Diamond has high mp and density. Black diamonds called carbonado contains traces of graphite.
Graphite : Graphite is soft, greasy, dark greyish colored crystalline solid. It is good conductor of heat and electricity. Its specific gravity is 2.3. The hybridization of carbon is graphite is sp2 and it has hexagonal layer structure.
Graphite is chemically more reactive than diamond. Its layer structure is held by weak van der waal's force.
Graphite is used in making for lining and making electrodes of electric furnances, in making refractory crucible, in making lead pencils, as a moderator in nuclear reactor as lubricant in machinery, as a reducing agent in steel manufacturing.
Allotropy : The substances which have same chemical properties, but different physical properties are called Allotropy.
Example : Allotropis of Carbon - Diamond, Graphite, Charcoal.
Diamond : Diamond is the purest form of carbon. It is the hardest natural known substance. It is transparent, and specific gravity 3.52. It is bad conductor of electricity and heat.
Diamond has very high refractive index 2.415. It is chemically inert and on heating above 1500°C, transferred into graphic. It form tetrahedral crystals and subsidization of C-atom is sp raise to the power 3.
Diamond has high mp and density. Black diamonds called carbonado contains traces of graphite.
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| Graphite and Diamond |
Graphite : Graphite is soft, greasy, dark greyish colored crystalline solid. It is good conductor of heat and electricity. Its specific gravity is 2.3. The hybridization of carbon is graphite is sp2 and it has hexagonal layer structure.
Graphite is chemically more reactive than diamond. Its layer structure is held by weak van der waal's force.
Graphite is used in making for lining and making electrodes of electric furnances, in making refractory crucible, in making lead pencils, as a moderator in nuclear reactor as lubricant in machinery, as a reducing agent in steel manufacturing.
Orbital speed of a satellite
Orbital speed of a satellite is independent of its mass. Hence satellites of different masses revolving in the orbit of same radius have same orbitational speed. Orbitational speed of a satellite is depends upon the radius of orbit. Greater the radius of orbit, lesser will be the orbital speed.
»» The orbital speed of a satellite revolving near the surface of earth is 7.9 km/sec.
Period of Revolution of a satellite : Time taken by a satellite to complete one revolution in its orbit is called its period of revolution.
i.e. period of revolution of = circumference of orbit / orbital speed
Period of Revolution of a satellite depends upon the height of satellite from the surface of earth. Greater the height, more will be the period of Revolution. Period of Revolution of a satellite is independent of its mass.
»» The period of Revolution of a satellite revolving near the surface of earth is 1 hour 24 minutes.
Unemployment
In common parlance anybody who is not gainfully employed in any productive activity is called unemployed. However, it can be of two kinds :
(i) Voluntary Unemployment
(ii) Involuntary Unemployment
Here we are concerned with the second category of unemployed persons.
Hence, unemployment can be defined as a situation when persons able and willing to work are seeking jobs at the prevailing wage level but they are unable to get the same.
Types of Unemployment :
(1) Cyclical Unemployment : It is the result of depression in an economy.
(2) Frictional Unemployment : This kind of Unemployment is temporary. It is result of a situation when new industries drive out old ones and workers change over to better jobs.
(3) Open Unemployment : It refers to those who have no work to do even though they are able and willing to do work.
(4) Seasonal Unemployment : This occurs at certain period of the work when work load is comparatively less, and hence people are rendered jobless.
(5) Educated Unemployed : This is mainly found in urban areas. Those educated persons who are unable to get work come under this category.
(6) Disguised Unemployment : It results when a person contributes to production less than what he or she is capable of, for example an engineer working as a clerk under employed.
(7) Compulsory Unemployment : It means the labour power which is ready to work on the current rate but does not get the work.
(i) Voluntary Unemployment
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| Unemployment |
Here we are concerned with the second category of unemployed persons.
Hence, unemployment can be defined as a situation when persons able and willing to work are seeking jobs at the prevailing wage level but they are unable to get the same.
Types of Unemployment :
(1) Cyclical Unemployment : It is the result of depression in an economy.
(2) Frictional Unemployment : This kind of Unemployment is temporary. It is result of a situation when new industries drive out old ones and workers change over to better jobs.
(3) Open Unemployment : It refers to those who have no work to do even though they are able and willing to do work.
(4) Seasonal Unemployment : This occurs at certain period of the work when work load is comparatively less, and hence people are rendered jobless.
(5) Educated Unemployed : This is mainly found in urban areas. Those educated persons who are unable to get work come under this category.
(6) Disguised Unemployment : It results when a person contributes to production less than what he or she is capable of, for example an engineer working as a clerk under employed.
(7) Compulsory Unemployment : It means the labour power which is ready to work on the current rate but does not get the work.
The Sun
The Sun is at the center of the Solar System. Its size is thirteen lakh times as that of the Earth. It is the nearest star to Earth. It is an ultimate source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is 14 lakhs kms.
It is composed of 17% Hydrogen, 26.5% Helium and 2.5% other elements. Hydrogen and Helium are the main gases present in the Sun. Within the Sun, hydrogen is converted to Helium due to nuclear fusion releasing a tremendous amount of heat and light.
It has a surface temperature of about 6000°C. The temperature at the center is around 15,000,000°C. Shining surface of the Sun is called photosphere, it appears like a disc, radiates energy and acts as a source of energy.
The outer layer of Sun's atmosphere made up of thin hot gases, is called Corona. Corona is visible only during a total eclipse of the Sun or with a special solar telescope called Coronagraph.
The planet travels with the Sun through millions of stars in our galaxy at a speed of about 70,000 km per hour. The Sun is about 150 million kms away from the Earth. Light takes about 8.5 minutes to reach the Earth from the Sun at the speed of 300,000 km per second.
It is composed of 17% Hydrogen, 26.5% Helium and 2.5% other elements. Hydrogen and Helium are the main gases present in the Sun. Within the Sun, hydrogen is converted to Helium due to nuclear fusion releasing a tremendous amount of heat and light.
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| The Sun |
The outer layer of Sun's atmosphere made up of thin hot gases, is called Corona. Corona is visible only during a total eclipse of the Sun or with a special solar telescope called Coronagraph.
The planet travels with the Sun through millions of stars in our galaxy at a speed of about 70,000 km per hour. The Sun is about 150 million kms away from the Earth. Light takes about 8.5 minutes to reach the Earth from the Sun at the speed of 300,000 km per second.
Medieval Japan
Medieval Japan : Japan consists of hundred of small islands of which four are major islands - Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku. Almost the entire country was unified into a single state by around 7th century AD.
In the 8th century Edo (modern Kyoto) became the capital and continued to be the seat of the emperors of Japan for over 1000 years. The real power, however, was in the hands of an aristocratic family.
Towards the end of the 12th century, a new political institution Shogun came into being. The Shogun or the 'General' became the commander of Japan'a army and ruled Japan, while the emperor remained at his capital at Edo (Kyoto).
Japanese Samurai or the warriors were similar to the Knights of Western Europe. The most unique contribution of medieval Japan to literature was a form of poetry called Haiku. Haiku poems are short poems of only 17 syllables.
The most important contribution of medieval Japan to art was Ikebana or the art of flower arrangement, which is being imitated throughout the world.
Buddhism reached Japan early in the 6th century from China through Korea and during the course of centuries it became widespread. In certain periods it even eclipsed Shintoism, the old religion of Japan.
Gradually, the Japanese developed their own distinct schools of Buddhism, the most famous of which is Zen Buddhism. The word Zen is derived from 'Dhyana'.
What is Periodic Motion?...Know more here»»
In the 8th century Edo (modern Kyoto) became the capital and continued to be the seat of the emperors of Japan for over 1000 years. The real power, however, was in the hands of an aristocratic family.
Towards the end of the 12th century, a new political institution Shogun came into being. The Shogun or the 'General' became the commander of Japan'a army and ruled Japan, while the emperor remained at his capital at Edo (Kyoto).
Japanese Samurai or the warriors were similar to the Knights of Western Europe. The most unique contribution of medieval Japan to literature was a form of poetry called Haiku. Haiku poems are short poems of only 17 syllables.
The most important contribution of medieval Japan to art was Ikebana or the art of flower arrangement, which is being imitated throughout the world.
Buddhism reached Japan early in the 6th century from China through Korea and during the course of centuries it became widespread. In certain periods it even eclipsed Shintoism, the old religion of Japan.
Gradually, the Japanese developed their own distinct schools of Buddhism, the most famous of which is Zen Buddhism. The word Zen is derived from 'Dhyana'.
What is Periodic Motion?...Know more here»»
Akbar
Akbar, the eldest son of Humayun, ascended the throne under the title of Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar Badshah Ghazi at the young age of 14 at Kalanaur, Punjab and his tutor Bairam Khan was appointed as the regent. Akbar ended the regency of Bairam Khan in 1560 and at the age of 18 assumed the reigns of the kingdom.
Akbar was under the influence of Maham Anga and Adham Khan Junta from 1560 to 1562. In his bid to expand the empire he conquered various provincial states.
Akbar tried to win over the Rajputas wherever possible and inducted Rajputas kings into Mughal service and treated them at par with Mughal nobility. By marrying Harakha Bai, daughter of Biharimal in 1962. Akbar displayed his secular policy with the Hindus. Most of the Rajputas Kings recognized the supremacy of Akbar except Rana Pratap Singh and his son Amar Singh.
Akbar built Fatehpur Sikri, Agra Fort, Lahore Fort, and Allahabad Fort and Humayun's Tomb at Delhi. Fatehpur Sikri, place near Agra- it is said that Akbar had no son for a long time. Sheikh Salim Chisti, a Sufi saint blessed Akbar with a son who was named Salim/Sheikho Baba (Jahangir). In honour of Salim Chisti, Akbar shifted his court from Agra to Fatehpur Sikri.
Facts related to Computers
»» December 2 is observed as Computer Literacy Day.
»» Mainly there are three types of Computers, Digital, Analog and Hybrid.
»» First Super Computer of the World is CRAY K-1-S, developed by CRAY K Company of U.S.A.
»» First Electronic Digital Computer of the World is 'ENIAC'.
»» Most popular Operating System in the World is Windows.
»» USEnet is a link to connect all the universities.
»» First book on personal computer was written by Ted Nelson.
»» First magazine on Computer is 'Computer and Automotion'.
»» PROLOG is the language of the fifth generation of computer.
»» J.S. Kilbi developed the IC chips.
»» A computer error is known as Bug.
»» Laser Printers are the fastest printers.
»» Computer virus is a man made digital parasite, which corrupts (infects) the file and known as 'File Corrupted'.
»» Modem is a device which connects the computers and works based on telephone lines.
»» Linus Benedict Torvalds, creator and coordinator of the Unix like Operating System.
»» Linus was born in Helsinki, Finland on December 28, 1969.
»» On September 17, 1991 Linus completed the first version of Linux.
National animals of some countries?...Know more here»»
What is Periodic Motion?...Know more here»»
First in the World...Know here»»
»» Mainly there are three types of Computers, Digital, Analog and Hybrid.
»» First Super Computer of the World is CRAY K-1-S, developed by CRAY K Company of U.S.A.
»» First Electronic Digital Computer of the World is 'ENIAC'.
»» Most popular Operating System in the World is Windows.
»» USEnet is a link to connect all the universities.
»» First book on personal computer was written by Ted Nelson.
»» First magazine on Computer is 'Computer and Automotion'.
 |
| Laptop |
»» PROLOG is the language of the fifth generation of computer.
»» J.S. Kilbi developed the IC chips.
»» A computer error is known as Bug.
»» Laser Printers are the fastest printers.
»» Computer virus is a man made digital parasite, which corrupts (infects) the file and known as 'File Corrupted'.
»» Modem is a device which connects the computers and works based on telephone lines.
»» Linus Benedict Torvalds, creator and coordinator of the Unix like Operating System.
»» Linus was born in Helsinki, Finland on December 28, 1969.
»» On September 17, 1991 Linus completed the first version of Linux.
National animals of some countries?...Know more here»»
What is Periodic Motion?...Know more here»»
First in the World...Know here»»
Football
It is believed that Football is also of British origin. However, it is said that a game similar to Football was played in 500 B.C. by the Greeks of Sparta and they called this game 'Harpastum'.
The first football club of the world 'Sheffield Football Club' was founded in the year 1857 in England.
Football was introduced in India by the Britishers in 1848 and the first football club of India was 'Dalhousie Club'. The Indian Football Association, the oldest football Association association in the east, was formed in 1878.
The apex institution of football is 'Federation of International de Football Association' (FIFA), which was formed by seven countries on May 21, 1904. The headquarters of FIFA is in Paris (France).
In order to distinguish this game from the carrying cum kicking game i.e. Rugby, it was given the name of "Soccer". This name was given to this game (Football) by an association named London Football Association which was formed in 1863 in England. The Football World Cup, organized by the FIFA, is the biggest competition.
Football was included as a competitive game in Olympic Games officially in 1908. India took part in the World Olympic Competition in 1948 in London. Besides Olympic Competitions, World Cup Football Championships were planned by two Frenchman i.e. M Jules Rimet and Henry Delaunay.
Jules Rimet was president of the French Football Federation and remained president of FIFA from 1924 to 1957. The first world Cup was organized at Monte Video (Uruguay) in 1930.
==> You may also like:-
>> Know everything about Volleyball!
>> National sports of some countries
>> National Games of some countries
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| Harpastum |
The first football club of the world 'Sheffield Football Club' was founded in the year 1857 in England.
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| Sheffield Football Club - Logo |
Football was introduced in India by the Britishers in 1848 and the first football club of India was 'Dalhousie Club'. The Indian Football Association, the oldest football Association association in the east, was formed in 1878.
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| Indian National Football Team |
The apex institution of football is 'Federation of International de Football Association' (FIFA), which was formed by seven countries on May 21, 1904. The headquarters of FIFA is in Paris (France).
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| FIFA - Headquarters |
In order to distinguish this game from the carrying cum kicking game i.e. Rugby, it was given the name of "Soccer". This name was given to this game (Football) by an association named London Football Association which was formed in 1863 in England. The Football World Cup, organized by the FIFA, is the biggest competition.
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| Football Match in Progress |
Jules Rimet was president of the French Football Federation and remained president of FIFA from 1924 to 1957. The first world Cup was organized at Monte Video (Uruguay) in 1930.
==> You may also like:-
>> Know everything about Volleyball!
>> National sports of some countries
>> National Games of some countries