Father of modern Chemistry

Question : What is Chemistry?

Answer : Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the composition of matter and also the Physical and Chemical characteristics associated with the different material objects.

Question : Who is the father of modern Chemistry?

Answer : French chemist, "Lavoisier (1743-1793)" is regarded as the father of modern chemistry.

Lavoisier (1743-1793)

Razia Sultana - only Muslim lady ever ruled India

Razia Sultana - only Muslim lady ever ruled India : Though Iltumish had nominated his daughter Razia as the successor, the nobles placed Ruknuddin Firoz as the throne. However, Razia got rid of Ruknuddin and ascended the throne.

Razia was the "first and only Muslim lady who ever ruled India". Razia was popular among the people but was not acceptable to the nobles and theologians.

Razia further offended the nobles by her preference for an Abyssian slave Yakut. Soon after her accession, the governors of Multan, Badaun, Hansi and Lahore openly revolted against her.

There was a serious rebellion in Bhatinda. Altunia, governor of Bhatinda refused to accept suzerainity of Razia. Razia accompanied by Yakut marched against Altunia.



(Grave of Razia Sultan)

However, Altunia got Yakut murdered and imprisoned Razia. Subsequently, Razia married Altunia and both of them marched towards Delhi.

In 1240 AD, Razia became the victim of a conspiracy and was assassinated near Kaithal, Haryana.

Asteroids

Asteroids : Asteroids are also known as minor planets. They are objects that revolve around the Sun. They are mostly found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Asteroids are a belt of debris which failed to assemble into planets and keeps on revolving around the Sun. This has come to be called as 'asteroid belt'.

An Asteroid

More than 5000 asteroids have been identified. Asteroids may be spherical, elongated or irregular in shape. All asteroids rotate on their axis, every 5 to 20 hours. Certain asteroids may have satellites.

Trojan asteroids are found in two clouds moving in the orbit of Jupiter, one moving ahead of it and the other moving behind it.

Rotating Asteroid

"Scientits believe that these asteroids occupy a place where a planet could have exited but was prevented from its formation by the disruptive gravitational force of the giant planet, Jupiter."

Elasticity and Elastic Limit

Q. What is Elasticity?

Ans. Elasticity : Elasticity is the property of material of a body by virtue of which the body acquires its original shape and size after the removal of deforming force.




Q. What does Elastic Limit mean?

Ans. Elastic Limit : Elastic limit is the maximum value of deforming force upto which a material shows elastic property and above which the material looses its elastic property.

Venus the second planet from the Sun

Venus : Venus is the second planet in distance from the Sun. Venus is nearest to the Earth and is also the brightest planet.

Venus is known as the "Evening Star" as well as well "Morning Star". Venus is surrounded by a thick cloud cover, hence known as the "Veiled Planet".

Evening Star

Venus is like the Earth in size and mass, and hence also known as the "Earth's Twin".

Planet Venus

Venus is a very hot planet. Venus has no water on it. There is no sufficient oxygen on the Venus.

Pluto is not a planet?...Why?....Know here»»

Our Solar System...»»

Countries and their Capital

Countries and their Capital with their National Flags

»»    Argentina    :    Buenos Aires

National Flag of Argentina

»»    Belgium    :    Brussels

National Flag of Belgium

»»    Ireland    :    Dublin

National Flag of Ireland

»»    Kyrgyzstan    :    Bishkek

National Flag of Kyrgyzstan

»»    Mongolia    :    Ulan Bator

National Flag of Mongolia

»»    Nauru    :    Yaren

National Flag of Nauru

»»    Norway    :    Oslo

National Flag of Norway

»»    Romania    :    Bucharest

National Flag of Romania

»»    Cyprus    :    Nicosia

National Flag of Cyprus

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main unit of computer where data processing is done.

It is known as heart and brain of computer. In microcomputer (i.e. PC/Laptop at our home), the entire CPU is contained on a CHIP known as microprocessor.

Microprocessor like Pentium IV and  Core2 Duo are the most important part of computer motherboard.

 Intel Pentium IV - Logo

Mesopotamian System of Counting

Mesopotamian System of Counting : The Mesopotamian System of Counting is known as sexagesimal because the Mesopotamian people counted by sixties as we count by tens i.e. decimal system.

Their sexagesimal system is no longer in use but we still use it as the basis of division of time into minutes and seconds and of a circle into degrees.

Firewall

Firewall : Firewall is one of the most popular techniques of network security. Firewall provides logical security to organization data and network.

Firewall is a computerized electronic system, installed between organization private network and public network to protect organization private network from unauthorized access.

Firewall is a control for invasive type of subvasive threats. Firewall is like an insulate which insulate organization private network from invaders coming through public network.

Firewall

National Animals of some Countries

»»    Canada : Eagle

»»    India : Tiger

»»    Australia : Kangaroo

»»    Japan : Ibis

»»    New Zealand : Kiwi

»»    United Kingdom : Robin Redbreast


(Image Source : wikimedia.org)

Bluetooth

Bluetooth : Bluetooth is a technology which enables mobile phones,computers and PDAs to communicate with each other in a short range or distance with wireless facility i.e. without connecting with each other by using wires or cables.

Bluetooth Symbol

Bluetooth enables its users to coordinate data between mobile phones, computers and printers for sending, receiving and printing information without the need of connecting to each other.

Bluetooth requires a low cost trans-receiver chip in each device, this chip enables to transmit and receive the data in certain predefined frequency band of 2.45 GHz.

Other than data exchange, the Bluetooth also enable to use voice channels. Bluetooth connection can be peer to peer (i.e. point to point) and multi point, but normally works in the short range.


Bluetooth technology got this name in honour of Herald Bluetooth, the King of Denmark in the 10th century.

Six Kingdom Classification

Well some time ago all living things were classified in five kingdoms but now scientists classify all living things into six kingdoms.

Based on Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) studies, "Carl Woese" divided the prokaryotes (classified till now as the Kingdom Monera) into 2 groups, called Archaebacteria & Eubacteria. This means that there is no more consolidated Monera Kingdom.

The Six Kingdoms are as follows :

(1). Archaebacteria Kingdom Classification : Archaebacteria are probably the oldest living organisms on the planet earth. Archaebacteria are prokaryotes and uni-cellular. Archaebacteria can be found in very harsh (i.e. rough & tough) conditions, such as at the in volcanic vents and/or bottom of the sea. Early Earth's atmosphere was filled with poisonous and harmful gases and the climate was very hot, there nothing could survive but the "Archaebacteria". When the Earth's conditions settled down and oxygen was introduced to the atmosphere then slowly the modern organisms emerged.
Archaebacteria Kingdom Examples : Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles, Thermoacidophiles etc.

(2). Eubacteria Kingdom Classification : The eubacteria are more complex, and common, than the archaebacteria. It is the eubacteria that most of the people talk about when they say bacteria, because they live in more neutral conditions. Eubacteria can be found everywhere around us such as in our food, our body etc.
Eubacteria Kingdom Examples : Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus antracis, Bacillus pneumonia, Clostridium tentani, Cyanobacteria, Salmonella etc.

(3). Protista Kingdom Classification : This kingdom includes unicellular from usually found in aquatic habitats. On the basis of mode of nutrition they are autotrophic, parasitic, and saprophytic. Diatoms flagellates and protozoa come under this kingdom. Egulena have both heterotrophic and autotrophic mode of nutrition. So, it is placed between plant and animal.
Protista Kingdom Examples : Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Plasmodium etc.

(4). Fungi Kingdom Classification : This kingdom includes non-green plants. It has saprophytic nutrition and growing on dead and decaying organic matter. The cell wall is composed of chitin.
Fungi Kingdom Example : Yeasts, Molds, Mushroom etc.

(5). Planatae Kingdom Classification : Planatae kingdom includes all plants except some fungi, diatoms, algae and member of monera and Protista.
Planatae Kingdom Examples : Oak, Cactus etc.

(6). Animalia Kingdom Classification : Mostly all remaining animal comes under this kingdom except protozoan.
Animalia Kingdom Examples :- Horse, Tiger, Kangaroo etc.

Six Kingdom Classification

Firsts in the world : Volume - IV

»»    First country to make education compulsory : Prussia

»»    First country to make a constitution : United States of America

»»    First man to set foot on the moon : Neil Armstrong

»»    First female Space Tourist : Mrs. Anousheh Ansari (Irani - American)

»»    First man to win Nobel Prize for Medicine : A. E. Wonn Behrig (Germany)

Sextant

Sextant : Sextant is used by navigators to find the latitude of a place by measuring the elevation above the horizon of the sun or another star; also used to measure the height of very distant objects.

Bank

Bank : Bank is a financial institution. Bank accepts funds on savings account and current accounts. Bank also lends money. The bank accepts the cheques drawn by its customers against their deposits in savings or current bank account and make payments. Bank is like a trader that deals in money and also in credit.

Bank

New Seven Wonders of the World

"New 7 Wonders of the World" declared on 7th July, 2007 by the foundation called "New Seven (7) Wonders Foundation" of Switzerland, at an amazing ceremony organized in the Benefica stadium situated in Lisbon, Portugal.

(1). Taj Mahal : Agra, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA

Taj Mahal

(2). "Great Wall of China" : CHINA

Great Wall of China

(3). "The Pink Ruins of Petra" : Ma'an Governorate ,JORDAN

The Pink Ruins of Petra

(4). "Statue of Christ the Redeemer" : Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL

Statue of Christ the Redeemer

(5). "Machu Picchu" : Cuzco Region ,PERU

Machu Picchu

(6). "The ancient Mayan City of Chichen Itza" : Yucatán , MEXICO

The ancient Mayan City of Chichen Itza

(7). "Colosseum" : Rome, ITALY

Colosseum

Types of Hindu Vivah (Marriage)

»»   Arsha Vivaha : Giving the girl to a man after accepting a bride-price

»»   Asura Vivaha : Marriage with a purchased girl

»»   Brahma Vivaha : Giving the girl to a man with dowry

»»   Daiva Vivaha : Giving the girl to the priest himself in lieu of his fees

»»   Gandharva Vivaha : Love Marriage

»»   Paishacha Vivaha : Marriage with a girl after seducing or raping her

»»   Prajapatya Vivaha : Giving the girl to a man without demanding a bride-price




"Which one do you like/prefer and which you don't?"

Programming Languages

Programming Languages : The programming languages are used for developing programs or software, which are then used for some data processing applications or any specific tasks.

There are different types of programming languages available in the market. Each programming language normally has its own style, standard and rules for uses.

If any programmer wants to use any specific programming language for developing programs then he must be familiar with the syntax of that programming language.

Over the years, many developments have taken place in the programming languages, and these developments have provided different types of programming languages in the market, which are categories as different types or generations of programming languages.


Generations/Types of Programming Languages :

Programming Languages

(1). First Generation (Machine Language)

(2). Second Generation (Assembly Language)

(3). Third Generation (High Level Languages)

(4). Fourth Generation Languages

(5). Fifth Generation Languages

(6). Object Oriented Programming Languages (OOPL)

Firsts in the World : Volume III

»»   First country to print books : China

»»   First man to go into space : Major Yuri Gagarin (USSR)

»»   First woman to reach Antarctica : Caroline Michaelson

»»   First man to draw the map of earth : Anexemander

»»   First Space Tourist (Male) : Dennis Tito (USA)

"Attention : I have a humble request to you that if you liked this post please share this with your friends. And don't forget to leave your valuable comments below in the comment box and keep me motivated!!!"

Facts about Human Body

»»   The bones are as strong as concrete and as hard as granite.

»»   Human is the most intelligent hominid of the universe.

»»   The heart beat of a child is more than that of an adult.

Human Body

»»   The study of dreams is called Oneirology.

»»    The sex determination of human depends on male chromosome and not on female chromosomes.

Important Facts

»»   Diamond has maximum refractive index and due to total internal reflection it has lustre.

Diamond

»»   Red phosphorus is used in match industry

Matchbox

»»   Cesium is used in solar cells.

Solar - Cell

»»   Sea weeds contains iodine.

Sea Weeds

»»   Radon is the heaviest gas.

Radon

"If you like the post please share with friends."

Atom

Atom : Atom is the smallest part of matter which takes part in chemical reactions. Atoms of the same element are similar in mass, size and characteristics.

Atom consists of three fundamental particles electron, proton and neutron.

All the protons and neutrons are present in the central core of atom called nucleus. Electrons revolve around the nucleus.

In an atom, electrons and protons are equal in number and have equal and opposite charge. Hence atom is neutral.

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) : Web pages are created with the help of Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML).

HTML allows the creator of web pages to specify how the text will be displayed and how a web page would be linked with the other web pages.

These links are normally known as Hyper Text Link.

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

Volleyball

Volleyball : Volleyball, the game played with an inflated bladder and a high net was invented in 1895 at Holyoke Y.M.C.A. Gymnasium in United States of America (USA) by a Physical Director William J. Morgan.

Volleyball's first name was "MINTONNETTE" which was later named as Volleyball by "Dr. Alfred Halsted" of "Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts" because the ball had to be volleyed with hands from one side to the other side of the court.

Volleyball

International Volleyball Association was formed in 1947 with its headquarters in Paris (France). The first World Volleyball Championship was held in 1949 at Prague. The first Asian Volleyball Championship was held at Tokyo (Japan) in 1955, India beats Japan in the final.

Registers

Registers : Registers are storage locations that hold instructions or data while the CPU is using them.

The registers consists of flip-flops and the registers used by the CPU are the fastest memory elements in the computer.

In contrast, the memory unit holds instructions and data before or after the CPU processes these.

Registers

National Sports of some Countries

Bull Fighting - Spain

»» Australia : Cricket

»» Pakistan : Hockey

»» Scotland : Rugby

»» Canada : Ice Hocky

»» Spain : Bull Fighting

Fuel

Fuel : A substance that can supply energy either alone or by reacting with another substance is known as fuel. Heat produced by fuel is measured in Calories.

Ideal Fuel : An ideal fuel should have high calorific value, should be cheap and easily available, should be easily stored and transported, should be regulated and controlled and have low ignition temperature.

Petrol

The quantity of fuel is expressed in the form of calorific value.

Calorific Value : Calorific Value is the total quantity of heat liberated by complete combustion of a unit mass of fuel in air or oxygen.

Forms of fuel : » Solid - Wood, Coal etc » Liquid - Kerosene Oil, Petroleum, Alcohol etc. » Gas - LPG, CNG etc.

Best Fuel : Gaseous fuel are considered to be the best fuels.